Issues and Treatment of Female Victims of Domestic Violence

Issues and, Treatment of Female Victims of Domestic Violence It has become increasingly apparent to mental health counselors that the family, especially the nuclear family, is not at all society\u27s expected placid, tranquil refuge; rather it is a fertile ground on which violence can and does occur. Domestic violence is a widespread societal problem with consequences reaching far beyond the family. It is conduct that has devastating effects for individual victims, their children, and their communities

The Hubble Legacy Archive NICMOS Grism Data

The Hubble Legacy Archive (HLA) aims to create calibrated science data from the Hubble Space Telescope archive and make them accessible via user-friendly and Virtual Observatory (VO) compatible interfaces. It is a collaboration between the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (CADC) and the Space Telescope - European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF). Data produced by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) instruments with slitless spectroscopy modes are among the most difficult to extract and exploit. As part of the HLA project, the ST-ECF aims to provide calibrated spectra for objects observed with these HST slitless modes. In this paper, we present the HLA NICMOS G141 grism spectra. We describe in detail the calibration, data reduction and spectrum extraction methods used to produce the extracted spectra. The quality of the extracted spectra and associated direct images is demonstrated through comparison with near-IR imaging catalogues and existing near-IR spectroscopy. The output data products and their associated metadata are publicly available through a web form at http://hla.stecf.org and via VO interfaces. In total, 2470 spectra of 1923 unique targets are included in the current release.Comment: 18 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Bacillary angiomatosis in HIV-infected patients - An epidemiological and clinical study

Background: No data were available on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of bacillary angiomatosis (BA) in Germany. Objective:To determine epidemiological and clinical data on HIV-associated BA. Methods: A chart review of all BA cases between 1990 and 1998 was performed in 23 German AIDS treatment units. Results: A total of 21 cases of BA was diagnosed. During th is period, the participating HIV centers treated about 17,000 HIV-infected patients. As a result, a BA prevalence of 1.2 cases/1,000 patients can be assumed. 19 BA were localized in the skin; in 5 cases bones and in 4 cases the liver were involved. Out of 20 patients who received antibiotic therapy, 13 had complete remission. The median time of duration up to complete remission was 32 days (9-82), During the follow-up of the 20 patients, 7 relapses were observed, Conclusion: BA is a rare HIV-associated disease with a prevalence of 1,2 cases/1,000 patients in the presented study. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel

Wavelength dependent ac-Stark shift of the 1S0 - 3P1 transition at 657 nm in Ca

We have measured the ac-Stark shift of the 4s2 1S0 - 4s4p 3P1 line in 40Ca for perturbing laser wavelengths between 780 nm and 1064 nm with a time domain Ramsey-Borde atom interferometer. We found a zero crossing of the shift for the mS = 0 - mP = 0 transition and \sigma polarized perturbation at 800.8(22) nm. The data was analyzed by a model deriving the energy shift from known transition wavelengths and strengths. To fit our data, we adjusted the Einstein A coefficients of the 4s3d 3D - 4s4p 3P and 4s5s 3S - 4s4p 3P fine structure multiplets. With these we can predict vanishing ac-Stark shifts for the 1S0 m = 0 - 3P1 m = 1 transition and \sigma- light at 983(12) nm and at 735.5(20) nm for the transition to the 3P0 level.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

A New Approach to the Study of Stellar Populations in Early-Type Galaxies: K-band Spectral Indices and an Application to the Fornax Cluster

New measurements of K-band spectral features are presented for eleven early-type galaxies in the nearby Fornax galaxy cluster. Based on these measurements, the following conclusions have been reached: (1) in galaxies with no signatures of a young stellar component, the K-band Na I index is highly correlated with both the optical metallicity indicator [MgFe]' and central velocity dispersion; (2) in the same galaxies, the K-band Fe features saturate in galaxies with sigma > 150 km/s while Na I (and [MgFe]') continues to increase; (3) [Si/Fe] (and possibly [Na/Fe]) is larger in all observed Fornax galaxies than in Galactic open clusters with near-solar metallicity; (4) in various near-IR diagnostic diagrams, galaxies with signatures of a young stellar component (strong Hbeta, weak [MgFe]') are clearly separated from galaxies with purely old stellar populations; furthermore, this separation is consistent with the presence of an increased number of M-giant stars (most likely to be thermally pulsating AGB stars); (5) the near-IR diagrams discussed here seem as efficient for detecting putatively young stellar components in early-type galaxies as the more commonly used age/metallicity diagnostic plots using optical indices (e.g Hbeta vs. [MgFe]').Comment: 47 pages, 16 figures, ApJ accepte

The Hubble Legacy Archive ACS Grism Data

A public release of slitless spectra, obtained with ACS/WFC and the G800L grism, is presented. Spectra were automatically extracted in a uniform way from 153 archival fields (or "associations") distributed across the two Galactic caps, covering all observations to 2008. The ACS G800L grism provides a wavelength range of 0.55-1.00 \mu$m, with a dispersion of$40 \ \AA / pixel$and a resolution of$\sim 80\ \AA$for point-like sources. The ACS G800L images and matched direct images were reduced with an automatic pipeline that handles all steps from archive retrieval, alignment and astrometric calibration, direct image combination, catalogue generation, spectral extraction and collection of metadata. The large number of extracted spectra (73,581) demanded automatic methods for quality control and an automated classification algorithm was trained on the visual inspection of several thousand spectra. The final sample of quality controlled spectra includes 47,919 datasets (65of extracted spectra) for$32,149$unique objects, with a median$i_{\rm AB}$-band magnitude of 23.7, reaching 26.5 AB for the faintest objects. Each released dataset contains science-ready 1D and 2D spectra, as well as multi-band image cutouts of corresponding sources and a useful preview page summarising the direct and slitless data, astrometric and photometric parameters. In order to characterize the slitless spectra, emission-line flux and equivalent width sensitivity of the ACS data were compared with public ground-based spectra in the GOODS-South field. An example list of emission line galaxies with two or more identified lines is also included, covering the redshift range$0.2-4.6$.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics; 29 pages, 16 Figures, 4 Tables in text and 3Tables in Appendi

The effect of minihaloes on cosmic reionization

One of the most debated issues in the theoretical modeling of cosmic reionization is the impact of small-mass gravitationally-bound structures. We carry out the first numerical investigation of the role of such sterile `minihaloes', which serve as self-shielding screens of ionizing photons. Minihaloes are too small to be properly resolved in current large-scale cosmological simulations, and thus we estimate their effects using a sub-grid model, considering two cases that bracket their effect within this framework. In the `extreme suppression' case in which minihalo formation ceases once a region is partially ionized, their effect on cosmic reionization is modest, reducing the volume-averaged ionization fraction by an overall factor of less than 15%. In the other extreme, in which minihalo formation is never suppressed, they delay complete reionization as much as Delta z~2, in rough agreement with the results from a previous semi-analytical study by the authors. Thus, depending on the details of the minihalo formation process, their effect on the overall progress of reionization can range from modest to significant, but the minihalo photon consumption is by itself insufficient to force an extended reionization epoch.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, accepted for pubblication in MNRA

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) alterations in squamous differentiated bladder cancer: a putative therapeutic target for a small subgroup.

Although drugable fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) alterations in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of various entities are well known, little is known about FGFR modifications in squamous differentiated bladder cancer. Therefore, our study evaluated FGFR1-3 alterations as a putative therapeutic target in this subgroup. We analyzed 73 squamous differentiated bladder cancers (n = 10 pT2, n = 55 pT3, n = 8 pT4) for FGFR1-3 protein expression, FGFR1-3 copy number variations, FGFR3 chromosomal rearrangements (fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) and FGFR3 mutations (SNapShot analysis). Only single cases displayed enhanced protein expression, most frequently FGFR3 overexpression (9.4% (6/64)). FISH showed no amplifications of FGFR1, 2 or 3. Break apart events were only slightly above the cut off in 12.1% (8/66) of cases and no FGFR3-TACC3 rearrangements could be proven by qPCR. FGFR3 mutations (p.S249C) were found in 8.5% (6/71) of tumors and were significantly associated with FGFR3 protein overexpression (p < 0.001), and unfavourable clinical outcome (p = 0.001). Our findings are consistent with the results of the TCGA data set for the "squamous-like" subtype of bladder cancer (n = 85), which revealed reduced overall expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 in tumors compared to normal tissue, while expression of FGFR3 remained high. In the TCGA "squamous-like" subtype FGFR3 mutations were found in 4.9% and correlated with high FGFR3 RNA expression. Mutations of FGFR1 and FGFR2 were less frequent (2.4% and 1.2%). Hence, our comprehensive study provides novel insights into a subgroup of squamous differentiated bladder tumors that hold clues for novel therapeutic regimens and may benefit from FGFR3-targeted therapies